NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-07-CHAPTER-01

 

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Environment

Anything of our surroundings, whether

01-   the natural or

02-   the human-made or

03-   Humans themselves are all part of our environment.

         

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Fundamental Components of Environment

• There are 03 fundamental components of the environment

01-  Natural, 

02-  Human-made and

03-   human itself

 

Biotic -&- Abiotic

      

• The combined zone of

-         animal kingdom and

-         The plant kingdom is the component of biotic.

• While sunlight, soil, water, air, and other components are abiotic.

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Natural environment

   

The combined zone

-         biotic and

-         abiotic forms a zone of the natural environment.

 

 Human environment

      

Other than the natural environment, those anthropogenic activities, which have effects on the natural environment such as

-         construction of the bridge buildings,

-         demarcated area,

-         agriculture activities,

-         industrial activities, and 

-          many other factors are the components of the human-made environment known as the human environment.

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Lithosphere

• The solid upper portion of the earth which, in simple terms, is known as the crust or the earth's surface, has an irregular terrain or relief, is covered with a thin layer of soil, and has a composition of

-         rocks,

-         metals, and

-         minerals are known as the lithosphere.

   

 

Hydrosphere

The various forms of water bodies such as

-         Ocean,

-         groundwater,

-         river,

-         lakes,

-         water vapor and

-         droplets in the air are an example of the earth's hydrosphere.

   

Atmosphere

• A mixture of gas that surrounds the earth, like a blanket, held by the gravitational pull of the earth, known as the atmosphere.

         

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Biosphere

• 
  

A zone where all the above-mentioned zones- 

1. the lithosphere, 
2. hydrosphere, and 
3.  as a result, the atmosphere interacts with where life evolves and sustains known as the biosphere. 

Ecosystem

It is that system of environment where all the living beings, 

1. whether from the plant Kingdom or 
2. the animal kingdom interacts with each other and
3. physical and chemical factors, that is the interaction of biotic components with each other and with abiotic components, due to interdependencies.

Due to Interdependencies transfer of energy and material takes place.

    

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👉Chapter-01

👉Chapter-02

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👉Chapter-05

👉Chapter-06

👉Chapter-07

👉Chapter-08

👉Chapter-09

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