NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-07-CHAPTER-08

 

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Tropical region

                         

On our earth, we have three heat zones-

01-Torrid zone,

02-Temperate zone,

03-Frigid zone.

The torrid zone region lies from

-          Tropic of Cancer to the

-          Tropic of Capricorn with the equator in the middle.

Now the region from 10 degrees North of the Equator to 10 degrees south of the equator is known as a tropical region.

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Equatorial region

          

 

• As the tropical region lies on both sides of the equator with equal halves that's why known as an equatorial region.

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River mouth

 

• A place where a water stream or river merges with the larger river / Sea known as the river mouth.

 

River basin

 

1. Every river has its horizontally expanded catchment area, that is the geographical area covered by the main river and its tributaries are known as river basins.
2. Because a water stream or a river always flows in a low-lying area rather than its surroundings, that's why that low-lying area with a gentle slope is known as a basin.

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The climate of the tropical region

 

The tropical region, as we have studied, receives throughout the year vertical sun rays.

Because of these vertical sun rays the tropical region, throughout the year, receives more heat from the process of insulation, which results in a hot and humid/wet climate.

Due to vertical sun rays no transformation of season.

The highest level of rainfall almost every day.

The relative humidity on average is between 75% to 88%.

 

Canopy

 

Due to plenty of rainfall, a thick forest cover grew in the tropical region which forms a dense tree roof created by leaves and branches, which is known as a canopy.

 

Shade tolerant vegetation

 

Due to the presence of canopy and ground, throughout the year, remains dark and damp.

So in the forest area, the vegetation grew on the ground, known as shade-tolerant vegetation.

 

Slash and burn agriculture.

 

In this technique of agriculture first the trees, on a particular unit, the ground is cleared and for some time the agriculture is carried out.

Then after a fire is set on the agricultural ground the cultivator, for the time being, moves to another unit of ground.

 

Manioc?

• Manioc is the staple food of tropical regions of people.
• Also known as cassava.
• Manioc grows under the ground like a potato.

 

Maloca

 

• The large apartment-like houses in the tropical region, have a steeply slanting roof, known as maloca.

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Subtropical region

 

• The region of the torrid zone is beyond 10 degrees North up to 30 Degree North, in the Northern hemisphere, and, 10 degrees south up to 30 degrees South, in the southern hemisphere.

 

monsoon climate

 

• Climate or the climatic region affected by the monsoon wind in the tropical region and, along with, it having the transformation of season, in which you have actual winter and very hot summer, known as monsoon type climate.
• Also known by the name of tropical wet climate.
• Monthly mean / average temperature above 18 degrees centigrade.

 

The Indian state of the Ganga Brahmaputra river basin

• In total, we have 17 states of the Ganga - Brahmaputra river basin.
• In the state's classification 11 States of the Ganga river basin and six states of the Brahmaputra river basin.
• The geographical area covered by the Ganga river basin is about 8,60,000 square kilometres which are about 26.5% of the country's total geographical area.

01-Uttar Pradesh,

02-Madhya Pradesh,

03-Rajasthan,

04-Bihar,

05-West Bengal,

06-Uttarakhand,

07-Jharkhand,

08-Haryana,

09-Chhattisgarh,

10-Himachal Pradesh and

11-Delhi is the state of the Ganga river basin.

• On the other hand, the basin area of the Brahmaputra river in India is about 200000 square kilometres.
• The present States include

01-  Arunachal Pradesh,

02-  Assam,

03-  Meghalaya,

04-  Sikkim,

05-  Nagaland and

06-  West Bengal.

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How the environment plays a dominant role in the distribution of the population

 

• As we know the environment has three components it is

1. natural environment,
2. human environment and
3. human itself.

• So, if you have an environment, in which our surrounding has a mountain with a steep slope and in-hospital train, a general distribution pattern of population, will not be smooth, as hard efforts need to be done to achieve something.
• Where in respect of planes, the availability of water, and flat terrain are the prime characteristics, which provide good opportunities for agricultural activities that produce raw materials for every kind of manufacturing and economic activity.
• That's why taking into cognizance, the comparative availability of our environment determines a good distribution of the population in the plains area.

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What is the density of the population?

 

• The number of populations living in an area unit of 1 square kilometre is known as the density of the population.

 

Paddy

 

• It is the staple crop for the Ganga Brahmaputra river basin.

 

Cash crops

 

• The crops which are cultivated to be directly sold into the market are known as cash crops.
• That means the crop has commercial value rather than domestic use.

 

Bamboo grove

 

• This is the common vegetation cover of the Brahmaputra plains.

 

Susu?

  

• A kind of dolphin we found in the rivers Ganga -& Brahmaputra.
• The dolphin is locally known as Susu.
• The prime characteristic of this dolphin is it is used to living in clean and healthy water.
• This dolphin is essentially blind that's why also known as a blind dolphin
• Along with the Ganga Brahmaputra river, this dolphin is also found in the Indus River in the area of Pakistan.
• Presently is on the list of endangered species.
• The year 2009 is dolphin was declared India's national aquatic animal.

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Complexities of this river basin area

 

• A great amount of sewage water that is untreated water gets discharged into rivers causing great harm to the river ecosystem and ecology.
• Unknown scientific and unidirectional economic development causing great harm to our environment.
• We need to interconnect economic development and nature-friendly scientific proceeding to achieve this.

 

Swachh Bharat mission?

 

• The mission launched in the year 2014 to target the elimination of

1. open defecation and the
2. improvement of solid waste management.

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