NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-06-CHAPTER-05
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Lithosphere
- In the structure of the earth, the upper solid portion has Crust and the solid portion of the mantle.
Atmosphere
- A "blanket" of a mixture of different kinds of gases surrounds the Earth
- known as the atmosphere,
- which is an integral and important aspect of our planet.
- The extension of the atmosphere from the surface is about 1600 km above.
Hydrosphere
- The water we find on the earth of all kinds is known as the hydrosphere.
Biosphere
- "A narrow interactive zone among the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere where life takes birth and sustains" is called the biosphere.
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The main division of the Earth's surface
- The crust of the earth is divided into two main divisions which are
- continents and
- ocean basin
Continents -&- Ocean basin.
- Solid large landmass portion of the earth's crust known as a continent.
- On the other hand, large water bodies are known as ocean basins.
Major continents?
- These are according to size,
- ASIA
- AFRICA
- NORTHAMERICA
- SOUTH AMERICA
- ANTARCTICA
- EUROPE and
- AUSTRALIA
Elevation of sea level?
- The elevation of sea level is calculated as 0.
Edmund Hillary -& Tenzing norgay
- These were the two a person who climbed Mount Everest first in the world in the year of 1953.
- Edmund Hillary was from New Zealand while the Tenzing Norgay was from India.
Junko Tadei
- A "Japanese mountaineer".
- The first woman in the world to reach Mount Everest in the year 1975.
Constituents of hydrosphere
01- OCEAN,
02- GLACIER,
03- UNDERGROUND WATER,
04- LAKES RIVER AND EVEN,
05- THE WATER VAPOUR all are constituents of the hydrosphere.
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Movement of ocean water
- The movement of the ocean water is in three (03) ways,
01- ocean current,
02- oceanic waves, and
03- Ocean tides.
Name of the major ocean
01- Pacific Ocean
02- Atlantic Ocean
03- Indian Ocean
04- Southern Ocean and
05- Arctic Ocean
Mariana trench
- The deepest point on the earth is situated in the Pacific Ocean.
- The total elevation is around 11000 m.
Name continents around the Pacific Ocean
- North America
- South America
- Asia
- Australia
Name continents around the Atlantic Ocean
- North America and
- South America on the west, and
- Europe along with
- Africa on the east.
Indented coastline
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- Due to the erosion activities, the coastline of the ocean got eroded and goes deep inside toward the continent.
- As a result, create an ideal location for the natural harbour and Port.
The shape of the Indian Ocean
- In the West we have Africa
- In the East we have Australia, and
- In the north we have Asia.
Southern Ocean
- Water situated beyond 60 ° South up to Antarctica has been categorised as the "Southern Ocean"
- Situated completely in the Southern hemisphere.
- Surrounded by Antarctica and extends towards 60 degrees north.
Arctic Ocean
- Situated between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole.
- That is an ocean completely situated in the Northern Hemisphere.
Strait -&- Bering strait
- That oceanic route connects two separate water bodies known as the Strait.
- The Bearing Strait connects the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
Name of the atmospheric layer.
- In a stretch from 450 -to 640 kilometers, in specific, but, in general, to about 1000 kilometers of atmosphere.
- Got divided into five (05 )layers starting from the Earth's surface.
01- Troposphere,
02- Stratosphere sphere,
03- Meso sphere,
04- Thermosphere and
05- Exosphere
Composition of atmosphere
- In the composition of the atmosphere we have
- 21% oxygen,
- 78% nitrogen,
- 0.36 percent carbon dioxide and
- The rest of the gas
Utility of Nitrogen gas
- Nitrogen is an important gas for the growth and development of a living organism.
Utility of carbon dioxide gas
- Carbon dioxide absorbs the heat radiated by the Earth's surface and that's how its essential contribution is maintaining the planet's warmness required for sustaining life.
Density and density of the atmosphere
- The weight of unit mass over a given unit place is called density.
- The atmosphere density is highest at the sea level and decreases as we go above into the atmosphere.
👉Upcoming Chapters 👀
👉Chapter-06 👉Chapter-07 👉Chapter-08
Categories of organisms in the biosphere.
- We have to categorisation what is
01- plant Kingdom and
02- an animal kingdom in the biosphere Kingdom.
Global warming
- The function of carbon dioxide is to absorb the heat radiated by the earth's surface through which the atmosphere maintains warmness which helps sustain life on Earth.
- Due to anthropogenic interference through artificial means or industrial activities, we are radiating more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to which more absorption of heat results in an increment of atmospheric temperature.
- This phenomenon is known as global warming.
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